Coca Cola Essay -- Business and Management Studies

Coca Cola This paper is in regards to the most popular soda pop on the planet Coca Cola. Coca Cola was created by Dr. John Pemberton on May 1886. Pemberton blended the mix of lime, cinnamon, coca leaves, and the seeds of a Brazilian bush to make the refreshment. As time passes by, Coca Cola organization has just become the world’s biggest organization and the pioneer of soda pop makers. Why the organization did so effective more than one hundred years? Other than the explanation that the item is delectable, another significant explanation is the company’s advertising procedure. The 4 ‘P’s (for example item, value, place, advancement) will be discussed as following. Item The Coca Cola Company has very nearly 400 brands of drink. It markets four of the world's main five soda pop brands (Classic, Sprite and so forth). Purchasers in almost 200 nations appreciate The Coca Cola company’s items consistently. The first and the best sell brand is Classic. It likely is the most people’s first decision. In any case, The Company doesn't depend on exclusively brand; it is continue growing new brand to fulfill consumer’s need. For case, in light of the thriving fame of low-starch diet, Coca Cola built up a low-starch choice to Coke great, which is called Coca Cola C2. It went discounted in Canada in August 2004. Brand acknowledgment is likewise significant. Coca Cola utilizes white content on a red foundation, with the words being very striking. It is truly draw in purchasers. There are assortments sorts of bundling accessible, for example, 2 L bottle bundle, 1 L bottle bundle 24 can bundle, 12 can bundle and 8can bundle and so on. Normally, most 1 L bottle bundles are sold in candy machine. Cost Coca cola depends on versatile estimating technique. It permit extraordinary stores set various costs. It additionally utilizes odd estimating technique. For model, a 24-can bundle of Coke exemplary is $8.99 instead of $9.00. 2L Coke great is $0.99, etc. At times, Coke offers exceptional costs, like if clients purchase three 12-can bundles Coke for just $10.00. Coca Cola can makes low cost, since it reuses the pre-owned jars, and has cutting edge creation line with enormous creation. Advancement Coca cola has some great publicizing on TV. Furthermore, there is a few challenges for clients. For instance, the organization set two or three million prize, after clients bought Coke, the... ... as unique one. The cost of the Coke item may keep consistent, despite the fact that the Coca Cola organization will confront expansion issue. Meanwhile, the cutting edge creating line should assume control over old one, and lessen the expense as low as could be expected under the circumstances, at that point, utilizing cost-arranged estimating system. It will let Coke classic’s value progressively serious to claim my objective market. I will make the advancement in upbeat and tranquil style. Sports can likewise utilized in advancement, for instance, youthful adultsã‚’ most loved game hockey. With the expanding youthful adults’ populace, I will utilize concentrated conveyance, and put Coke great into the same number of spot associated with youthful grown-ups as conceivable, for example, café, bars, and postsecondary school, thus on. It is conceivable to acquire Market share. WORKS CITED Insights Canada Home Page. 28 July 2004. Insights Canada’s Web Site. 9 October 2004 . Coca Cola Home Page. 2003. The Coca Cola Company. 9 October 2004 The Beverage Net Work Home Page. â€Å"Beverage Digest/Maxwell Ranks U.S. Soda pop Industry for 2003.† 4 March 2004. BevNET.com, Inc. 9 October 2004. < http://www.bevnet.com/news/2004/03-04-2004-bevdigest_maxwell_2003.asp>.

Both Sides Of The Abortion Issue Essays - Abortion,

The two Sides of the Abortion Issue During the past 25 years, premature birth has joined race and war as one of the most easily proven wrong subject of debate in the United States. It talks about human communication where morals, feelings and law meet up. Premature birth represents an ethical, social and clinical issue that faces numerous people to make a passionate and brutal climate. There are numerous perspectives toward fetus removal however the main two fine differentiations are star decision and professional life. A star choicer would feel that the choice to prematurely end a pregnancy is that of the moms and the state has no option to meddle. A star lifer would hold that from the snapshot of origination, the undeveloped organism or baby is alive. This life forces on us an ethical commitment to protect it and that fetus removal is equivalent to kill (Kolner 5). In the United States about 1.6 million pregnancies end in fetus removal. Ladies with livelihoods under eleven thousand are more than multiple times almost certain to prematurely end than those with livelihoods over twenty-5,000. Unmarried ladies are four to multiple times bound to prematurely end than wedded and the fetus removal rate has multiplied for 18 and multi year olds. As of late the U.S. rate dropped 6 percent by and large however the pace of fetus removal among young ladies more youthful than 15 hopped 18 percent. The rate among minority teenagers moved from 186 for every 1,000 to 189 for every 1,000. The most mainstream system associated with premature births is the vacuum yearning which is finished during the main trimester (a quarter of a year or less since the ladies has gotten pregnant). A cylinder is basically embedded through the cervix and the substance of the uterus are vacuumed out. The most regularly utilized sort of second trimester fetus removal is called enlargement and clearing. Since the baby has bones, mass and can move, second trimester isn't as basic. When as a great part of the baby and placenta are vacuumed out at that point tweezers are utilized to evacuate bigger parts. After this, or the start of the fifth month fetus removal is not kidding and really instigated as labor. That is, the mother is given substances which places her in the process of childbirth and conveys the hatchling as she would a full-term child. Around 40 percent of Americans accept that premature birth ought to stay lawful and 40 percent accept it ought to be restricted with the exception of when the pregnancy compromises the life of the mother or is the aftereffect of assault or inbreeding. Additionally 15 percent b eveit ought to be illicit in all cases. In spite of the fact that premature birth is viewed as a ladies' correct, it ought to be restricted with special cases since it's viewed as murder, has numerous mental symptoms and there is another option. Premature birth is a ladies' own privilege and decision. In 1973 the Roe v. Swim choice demonstrated this by perceiving premature birth as a principal constitution right and made it lawful in all states. The law presently allows premature birth at the solicitation of the ladies with no limitations in the main trimester and a few limitations in the subsequent trimester to ensure the ladies' wellbeing. The National Abortion Right Act League contends that without legitimate fetus removal ladies would be precluded their sacred right from claiming security and freedom. The ladies' entitlement to her own body subordinates those of the hatchling and the U.S. Preeminent Court in Roe v. Swim contended that the ladies' entitlement to security overruled the embryo's entitlement to life. In the event that premature birth was unlawful it would drive poor ladies to hold up under and bring up youngsters they can't bear to raise. There would be various risky premature births in back partners. It would likewise drive ladies to surrender their fantasies and remain at home to raise babies. To top it all off, it would sentence casualties o apeand inbreeding to convey and support the posterity of their rapist.(Kolner 5) Abortion is fundamental for ladies to have command over their own bodies and life. One extremist stated, On the off chance that I hadn't had that premature birth my life would have been a debacle. I wouldn't have made it to clinical school. I was hitched by then to a ill man and it would have been horrendous to must have my child. Individuals who need premature births are in a disturbance and it's actually a life-sparing thing.(Blender 4) To overlook the privileges of others is narrow minded furthermore, treachery. Ladies must reserve the privilege to control the elements of their own bodies. Revern George Gardiner minister of the school Hill United Methodist Church, told the gathering that the weapons would have done pretty much nothing great. Young ladies need the opportunity to settle on decisions for their regenerative life

The Value of Being a Mentor and Mentee

The Value of Being a Mentor and Mentee The University of Illinois  provides  an experience like no other. There are tons of resources here that are willing to help you with anything you need. However, sometimes I find that those who are the most resourceful are my  fellow students. Im on the executive board of the American Advertising Federation, which is the local student advertising club. Its a 500+ member club, which can be a really intimidating number and someone can get lost inside a club with that many members. But, this club is not some ordinary club. The club is home to 11 committees and one of those include the Member Relations Committee. This committee has the mission to help every member feel at home in the club. They set up the mentor/mentee program, and its incredibly successful. There are over 130 people participating in the program this semester! Im currently a mentor in the program and Im having a ton of fun with it. I have two freshman mentees who are interested in finding their fit in the program. I routinely catch up with them for coffee at Starbucks. But more than a mentor, Ive become friends with my two mentees. The Member Relations Committee plans great events for us. We even have a cool speed-dating event coming up where we get to meet the other mentor/mentee pairs, so its another great opportunity to make friends and connect with people who have similar interests. Its important that you find someone you can look up to and get advice from no matter what  club or organization youre a part of. As people get older, they want to give back so its important to take advantage of that and remember that its okay to ask for help and advice because Illini are life-long learners. Be a mentee at Illinois and one day youll be mentoring future Illini! Daniel Class of 2018 I’m an Advertising major in the College of Media. I’m from a northwest suburb of Chicago called Buffalo Grove. I chose Illinois because it was the first university in the entire world to offer an Advertising major, which is pretty cool!

Critical Analysis Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay

In the novel The Awakening, Kate Chopin (2005) uses deep symbolism to show how the main character, Edna Pontellier, discovers her own independence in the society in which she lived. Edna was a traditional mother and wife seeking freedom and independence throughout her adult life. Chopin portrays Edna as being a rebel against her own life. The story takes place in the 1960s when women were to follow certain rules made by the society they lived in. Chopin also foreshadows the things that occur in Edna’s life through nature and death itself. Based on the many ways Chopin uses symbolic meanings through the novel, we can see the events of Edna’s life as one that rebels against society. Throughout this novel, Chopin proves that Edna’s actions†¦show more content†¦Chopin confirms this by saying, â€Å"Mrs. Pontellier was not a woman given to confidences, a characteristic hitherto contrary to her nature. Even as a child she had lived her own small life all with in herself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 7, para. 1). Over the summer, even though she was already married, Edna met a young man by the name of Robert Lebrun and surprisingly fell in love. â€Å"The action was at first a little confusing to Edna, but she soon lent herself readily to the Creole’s gentle caress. She was not accustomed to an outward and spoken expression of affection†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 7, para, 19) meaning Robert gave Edna the kind of attention that she never got from her husband, Leonce Pontellier. She became ignorant of her surroundings and carried on into this â€Å"fantasy† (Chopin, 2005). Edna’s passions became overpowering to her self-control. This was a feeling that she had not felt with her husband even when she married him. Robert decided at the spur of the moment, he would leave on a business trip to Mexico without telling Edna. This caused Edna to feel even more alone and confused because she did not enjoy being married. Chopin proclaims, â€Å"Her marriage to Leonce Pontellier was purely an accident, in the respect resembling many other marriages which masquerade as the decrees of Fate† (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 7, para. 24). Her husband was never home and the man she ultimately loved left herShow MoreRelatedWolffs Analysis of Chopins The Awakening647 Words   |  3 PagesWolff’s Analysis of Chopin’s The Awakening In her essay Un-Utterable Longing: The Discourse of Feminine Sexuality in Kate Chopins The Awakening, Cynthia Griffin Wolff creates what Ross Murfin describes as a critical whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. (376) By employing a variety of critical approaches (including feminist, gender, cultural, new historicism, psychoanalytic and deconstruction) Wolff offers the reader a more complete (albeit complex) explanation of Edna PontelliersRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreSt. Louis And New Orleans1606 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopin was born Katherine O’Flaherty on February 8, 1851, in St. Louis, Missouri, into a socially prominent family with roots in the French past of both St. Louis and New Orleans. Her father, Thomas O’Flaherty, an immigrant from Ireland, had lived in New York and Illinois before settling in St. Louis, where he prospered as the owner of a commission house. In 1839, he married into a well-known Creole family, members of the city’s social elite, but his wife died in childbirth only a year laterRead More Essay on The Awakening712 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Views of The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopins time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    SymbolismRead More Kate Chopins Writing Essay2357 Words   |  10 PagesKate Chopins Writing Elizabeth Fox Genovese of Emory University shared in a PBS interview that â€Å"She [Kate Chopin] was very important as one of the earliest examples of modernism in the United States or, if you wish, the cutting edge of modernism in American literature† (PBS – Interviews). Kate Chopin published At Fault, her first novel, in 1890 and The Awakening, her last novel, in 1898 (Guilds 924). During these years Chopin wrote numerous other works and most, like At Fault and The AwakeningRead MoreFemale Empowerment in Kate Chopins The Awakening7915 Words   |  32 PagesHeinrich-Heine-Università ¤t Wintersemester 2010/11 Vertiefungsmodul Kurs: American Realism and Naturalism - Short Stories Seminarleiter: Georg Schiller Datum der Abgabe: 16.04.2011 Female Empowerment in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† Anjana Dhir BA Englisch KF, Geschichte NF 3. Semester Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The FrenchRead MoreThe Awakening of Edna Pontellier2487 Words   |  10 PagesThe Awakening of Edna Pontellier Kate Chopin’s short story The Awakening is set during a time where women were expected to live in a patriarchal society. More specifically, this story tells of the well-to-do Creole lifestyles in New Orleans during the mid to late Nineteenth Century. Chopin’s personal experiences as a woman during this oppressive time and her growth as an individual inspired her to write about Edna Pontellier, a woman who tries to break from the expectations of society toRead MoreResearch Paper on Kate Chopin and Her Works2380 Words   |  10 Pages Kate Chopin is best known for her novel, The Awakening, published in 1899. After its publication, The Awakening created such uproar that its author was alienated from certain social circles in St. Louis. The novel also contributed to rejections of Chopins later stories including, The Story of An Hour and The Storm. The heavy criticism that she endured for the novel hindered her writing. The male dominated world was simply not ready for such an honest exploration of female independence, a frankRead MoreEdna Pontellier and Elizabeth Bennet: Challenge of 19th Century Conventional Methods1344 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin and Jane Austen could readily be referred to as literary heroines of the nineteenth century. Both women often challenged conventional societal methods within their works, which inherently caused these literary geniuses to write in complete secrecy. Chopin and Austen gave birth to characters such as Edna Pontellier in The Awakening, and Elizabeth Bennett, the renowned protagonist of Austen’s novella Pride and Prejudice. While noble in their respective ways one can easily mistake Edna andRead More Kate Chopins Awakening - Edna Pontellier as Master of Her Destiny3367 Words   |  14 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Kate Chopins The Awakening, the main character, Edna leaves her husband to find place in the world. Edna believes her new sexually independent power will make her master of her own life. But, as Martin points out, she has overestimated her strength and is still hampered by her limited ability to direct her energy and to master her emotions (22). Unfortunately, Edna has been educated too much in the traditions of society and not enough in reason and independent survival, admitting

A Study On Lung Cancer - 1721 Words

Introduction: Lung cancers are well known to display inter and intra-tumoral heterogeneity with profound implications for exact histological classification by pathologists1–3. The New International (IASLC/ATS/ERS )4,5 and the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) classification6 has defined the non-invasive (adenocarcinoma in situ), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive lepidic adenocarcinoma ; has replaced the mixed subtype category in the WHO 2004 classification7 with the predominant subtype ; included the micropapillary subtype8,9 and replaced the term â€Å"mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma(BAC)† with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to do a comprehensive histological subtyping and detailed study of†¦show more content†¦Amongst 237 cases, a significant proportion 195(82.2%) were at stage IV at diagnosis, fewer 31(13.5%) at stage III and 11(4.7%) at Stage II and none at Stage I. Histologic findings: The 2015 WHO classification of lung tumours (add ref) was used to categorise biopsies by the predominant histological subtype. Of 274 cases, 167 (61%) were acinar predominant adenocarcinomas, 63(23%) solid adenocarcinomas, 19 (7%) invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas, 11(4%)lepidic predominant, papillary 9 (3.30%), two cases each of colloid (0.7%) and non- small cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NSCC-NOS) (0.7%) and one micro-papillary predominant subtype (0.3%) (Figure 1; Figures 2A-2D; Figures 3A-3D). The polygonal cell type was the most frequent comprising 160(58.40%) followed by columnar 69(25.2%), cuboidal 38(13.9%), signet ring 4(1.4%), hobnail 2 (0.7%) and clear cell 1(0.4%) cell types. A significant percentage of tumours were associated with mucin production, desmoplasia, stromal elastosis, lympho-vascular invasion and necrosis (Table 1). Lymphovascular invasion was most commonly seen amongst stage III/ stage IV disease in 187/226 (82.7%). 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The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Free Essays

THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE I. History A. Discovery of â€Å"transformation† – a change in genotype and phenotype due to the uptake of external DNA by a cell 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Molecular Basis of Inheritance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Griffith 1920s did experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae (p294 fig16. 2) a. took two strains of S. pneumoniae, one virulent, one not b. heat killed virulent strain, then mixed them with the living nonvirulent strain c. living nonvirulent strain became virulent d. nonvirulent strain took on virulent strain’s DNA ? became virulent e. see p294 fig16. 2 S strain = virulent, R = nonvirulent f. ventually Griffith’s work lead way to more studies on DNA being the carrier of genetic info. B. Proof that viral DNA and not viral protein contains genetic information to make more viral particles 1. Hershey and Chase 1950s p295 fig16. 4 a. knew that viruses could infect bacteria and make more viruses using the host cell’s replicating ‘machinery’ b. background: sulfur gets incorporated into virus’ protein/phosphorus into virus’ DNA c. took T4 (bacteriophage) and plated with a lawn of E. coli and radioactively labeled sulfur, result = T4 with radio active labeled protein (DNA not labeled) d. took T4 and plated with E. oli and radioactively labeled phosphorus = T4 with radioactively labeled DNA (protein not labeled) e. background: when virus + bacteria is spun down, viral particles in supernatant and bacteria in pellet f. took T4 (S-labeled) infected new E. coli lawn, spun down, found S-radioactive labels in supernatant g. took T4 (P-labeled) infected new E. coli lawn, spun down, found P-radioactive labels in pellet h. result = it’s the DNA that’s injected into the host to make more virus (even plated these spun down pellet bacteria, and they lysed and released new virus C. Discovery of the structure of DNA 1. Watson and Crick a. used an x-ray crystallography picture (p297) by Franklin to determine DNA as a double-helical structure b. review p298 – A pairs with T and G with C/ A and G are purines and C and T are pyrimidines/double hydrogen bonds between A and T, and triple between G and C II. DNA Replication A. 3 models of DNA replication p300 fig 16. 10 1. Conservative model – the parental helix splits, copies, then goes back together again to remain intact while a second entirely new copy is made 2. Semiconservative model – the parental helix splits, copies and remains a part of the two new helixes 3. Dispersive model – the parental helix splits unevenly, copies and remains a part of the two new helixes but in pieces B. Experimental proof p300 fig16. 11 1. added radioactively labeled heavy nitrogen to replicating bacteria, then placed this culture into radioactively labeled light nitrogen (used to distinguish strands) 2. allowed bacteria to replicate again, results gave hybrid DNA strands (ruled out conservative model) (note: both hybrids half and half and totally mixed look the same, so semiconservative and dispersive models both upheld this time- see below) 3. llowed bacteria to replicate again, results gave hybrid strands and only light double strands (ruled out dispersive model since all should be mixed if this was right) C. Origins of replication p301 fig16. 12 1. origin of replication – site where DNA replication begins a. proteins recognize a specific sequence on the template DNA, open the dsDNA to make a bubble, and begin replication b. replication fork †“ location on DNA strand where new DNA strand is growing 1. prokaryotes plasmid (single circular dsDNA helix) have one origin of replication and replication occurs in both directions 2. ukaryotes have linear dsDNA have many origins and replication occurs in both directions D. Elongation of new DNA 1. DNA polymerase – enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the growing strand 2. DNA polymerase receives energy to do this by nucleotides being nucleoside triphosphate (CTP, GTP, ATP, TTP) since they lose Pii = exergonic reaction to supply energy E. DNA is antiparallel p302 1. carbon numbering – carbon attached to base is 1’, count clockwise, carbon attached to phosphate group is 3’, carbon attached to other phosphate group is 5’ 2. be able to find 5’ vs 3’ end . (p302 fig 16. 14) replication occurs 5’ ? 3’, so strand being made in this direction is called the leading strand and replication occurs toward the replication fork 4. lagging strand is replication that occurs 5’ ? 3’ but replication moves away from the replication fork a. lagging strand produces Okazaki fragments which must be connected with DNA ligase p303 fig 16. 15 F. Priming DNA synthesis (getting replication started) p303 fig16. 15 1. primer – existing RNA polynucleotide on the template DNA strand since DNA polymerase cannot just start adding new nucleotides on its own a. rimer is laid down by enzyme primase b. only one primer required for leading strand to begin synthesizing/new RNA primer required for each lagging strand beginning c. DNA polymerase eventually replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA ones and occurs before ligase connects any lagging DNA strands G. Other assisting proteins 1. helicase – enzyme that unwinds dsDNA at the replication form 2. single-strand binding proteins – hold apart template DNA while replication occurs **FINAL GOOD SUMMARY P304 fig 16. 16 III. DNA Proofreading and Repair A. Mismatch repair 1. as DNA polymerase lays down nucleotides, if it notices a mismatched one to template, will remove and replace with correct one 2. Excision repair p305 fig16. 17: consists of nuclease – enzyme that can cut out damaged segments of a DNA strand, then new nucleotides are filled in based on what the other DNA strand sequence is by DNA polymerase and ligase IV. Replication of the ends of DNA strands p306 fig16. 18 A. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to a 3’ end (since it grows in a 5’ ? 3’ direction) B. For lagging strand, there is no problem since it replaces RNA primer and joins DNA with ligase C. For leading strand, there is a problem, since the 3’ end of the template strand has a RNA primer, which cannot be replaced with DNA nucleotides (by DNA polymerase) since there is no 3’ end to start from (DNA polymerase cannot just add nucleotides opposite of the DNA template strand – must use a RNA primer) D. This results in successive replicated strands becoming shorter and shorter – the remedy? E. Telomeres – eukaryotic cells have short repetitive nucleotide sequences that do not code for anything 1. elomeres protect the cell from false alarms that there is DNA damage and cause the cell to die since losing these ends don’t mean anything (note that prokaryotes do not have this problem since their DNA is circular with no â€Å"end†) 2. but when telomeres are lost, are they replaced? Yes by telomerase – enzyme that works in conjuncti on with DNA polymerase to add length to telomeres a. p306 fig16. 19 have shortened â€Å"just made† DNA strand b. telomerase is associated with an RNA strand and DNA polymerase c. telomerase lines up the RNA strand with the 3’ DNA strand to serve as a template to have the 3’ end grow d. hen the RNA strand serves as a primer for new growth onto the 5’ strand, then the primer is removed e. result is an elongated DNA strand that was shorted during replication *telomerase is not present in most cells of multicellular organisms (like us) *DNA of older individuals tends to be shorter *telomerase is abundant in germ line cells – those that give rise to gametes *researchers find telomerase in cancer cells – makes sense since these cells replicate often and would have very short DNA (possible cancer therapy is to target their telomerase) How to cite The Molecular Basis of Inheritance, Papers

Mimosa Tenuiflora free essay sample

Mimosa Tenuiflora Mimosa Tenuiflora, or Mimosa Hostilis, is the scientific name of a plant more commonly known as the Mimosa tree or shrub. The mimosa plant is a fern like perennial that can grow up to eight meters tall given optimal growth conditions. The mimosa leaves are attached with a petiolate and arranged alternately and bipinnately lobed with fifteen to thirty three odd bipinnately compounded leaflets. The leaflets themselves are attached in a sessile fashion and have a parallel venation which resembles the opposite arrangement of the leaflets on the leaf. The plane (side view) and entire (above view) margined leaflets have an oblong shape with a mucronate apex, a slightly oblique base, and a glabrous leaflet surface. The stem of the mimosa plant has a modification that results in a food storing and ground anchoring bulb. This bulb tends to form approximately halfway between the surface of the ground and the end of the mimosas long thin taproot. Mimosa Tenuiflora is a member of the Leguminosae family, which is more commonly known as the pea, bean, or legume family. The resemblance to the Leguminosae family can be seen in he presence of root nodules called rhizobia that assist with nitrogen fixation of the plant. Much like common pea plants, Mimosa Tenuiflora produces lightly fleshy pod like fruit that dry and drop to the ground for reproduction. Unlike the pea plant, the mimosa plants fruit has a papery consistency and harbors six to eight hard, flat, light brown seeds that are usually three to four millimeters in length and are dispersed for reproduction through wind and rain. Mimosa Tenuiflora is a tropical plant native to Brazil, but is also found wild in Southern Mexico, Colombia, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Panama, Honduras, and Guatemala. Although native to equatorial parts of South America, Mimosa Tenuiflora is also cultivated as a tree or shrub in many southern areas of the United States. The mimosa plant is rated for a USDA zone nine or higher, which is twenty five degrees Fahrenheit and up, for optimal growth. Being a tropical plant, Mimosa Tenuiflora requires full sun and grows best in sandy well drained soil below five hundred meters in altitude. Mimosa Tenuiflora is a hardy plant though and with its quickly growing taproot and bulb, it can easily split concrete or stone if rooted in a one to two illimeter wide crack. While it is an unassuming looking plant, the mimosa tree has some surprising medicinal uses which range from treating skin lesions for humans and animals, tooth pain, cough, bronchitis, and even a condition called venous ulceration. The ancient Mayans often used roasted mimosa tree bark to treat cuts and lesions, as well as a mimosa bark syrup concoction to treat respiratory problems. In a more recent example, a recent study found that compounds of Mimosa Tenuiflora are helpful in treating venous ulceration; a condition in which improper circulation causes ulcer ike sores on the body. Mimosa Tenuiflora also has the highest content of DMT, a strong naturally occurring psychedelic tryptamine, of any plant in the world; having a content of approximately one percent DMT found in the root bark. Due to this feature, many South American tribes have been known to make a tea from the root bark called Jurema which nas been used in hallucinogenic shamanic rituals tor thousands of years. All of the medicinal properties of the mimosa tree are found within its bark. While not medicinal, the leaves and pods of the plant are high in fiber and protein and can e used as food for animals or even potentially humans in dire need of sustenance. The bark on the stem and the bark on the roots have different medicinal uses and properties. The stem bark of Mimosa Tenuiflora has a variety of medicinal uses that are still being discovered. Native South Americans have used the stem bark of mimosas to treat inflammation, infection, burns, and even respiratory problems. Having very high levels of tannins, mimosa stem bark is an excellent astringent, coagulant, and anti-inflammatory. When applied to serious burns, mimosa stem bark as been found to reduce scar tissue formation and increase skin cell growth. Mimosa Tenuiflora stem bark is also found in many topical wellness products like soap, shampoo, and even skin treatments for herpes, acne, and eczema. In many South American cultures a tea made from the stem bark is used as a cleansing agent for the body for many addictive substances. The bark of the root of the mimosa tree has less effective properties similar to the bark of the stem; however the potency of DMT in the root bark allows some trained individuals to use the plant for spiritual healing and exploration. Some shamans and medicine men in tribal societies make a tea called Jurema from the root bark of mimosa trees and use them during spiritual rituals to try to expand their minds and find supernatural explanations to situations. Many of these medicine men train for years to know how to control the powerful effects of the Jurema and understand the hallucinations and intense emotional experiences caused by the DMT. Some tribes that practice the Jurema ritual also use a complementary tea made from the seeds of P. Harmala, or Syrian Rue, which amplifies the effects of the Jurema; this mixture is called Ayahuasca. Many people ho consume the Jurema or Ayahuasca teas, whether trained or not, claim to have life changing experiences usually associated with hallucinations of god-like or otherworldly beings that expose some revelatory information to the user. Some who experience this find it to be a frighteningly overwhelming experience, while others seem to benefit more psychologically from the feelings. Mimosa tree bark harvested from the stem of the plant has many aforementioned uses, a few of which involve the astringent, coagulant, and anti-inflammatory properties of the bark. Most of the times when these uses are desired out of the ark, it is roasted and ground into a powder for easy direct topical application or to be made into a salve for the same purpose. Mimosa stem powder or cream, usually called tepezchuite, is a good remedy for minor or severe cuts and burns, and is widely effective on many inflammation and bacteria related skin problems. There is direct evidence for the compounds in mimosa stem bark having the ability to generate and sustain collagen, which is why the use of tepezchuite produces less scar tissue and heals wounds so quickly. Teas of the Mimosa Tenuiflora stem bark are made by boiling the bark in water. Due to its astringent compounds, Mimosa tea is somewhat effective in treating mild tooth aches and also good for expelling toxins from the human body during withdraw or detoxification from an addictive substance. A decoction, or water extraction, is made by pounding or grinding the bark in cold water to leech the desired compounds trom the bark. Mimosa decoctions nave been used since Mayan times to treat coughs and bronchitis. Once again the astringent properties of the mimosa bark act as an expectorant to help those with mucus in their throats dislodge it and cough it up. The decoction method is the same method sed by shaman and medicine men to convert the root bark of Mimosa Tenuiflora into Jurema or Ayahuasca. This use of the mimosa tree may lead to new research in the field of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOs) due to the puzzling nature of the bioactivity of the DMT while used for hallucinogenic. Normally, DMT is not orally active to humans because of the presence of the Monoamine Oxidase (MAOs) compounds found in the human body which break down the DMT. However, when Jurema or Ayahuasca is consumed, the DMT is rendered orally active most likely due to a large amount of an unknown, and seemingly very effective, MAO. Mimosa Tenuiflora contains high levels of many medicinal compounds, of which are tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glucosides, luperol, and methoxychalchones. Tannins are responsible for the astringent properties of the mimosa tree, having strong antibacterial, viral, and parasitic properties, as well as the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer properties. Saponins, the compounds responsible for the cleansing effect of mimosa tea, promote the hydrolysis of toxins from the cells of the digestive tract. Alkaloids are common nitrogen based molecules that have a wide range of edical applications including helping with many cardiovascular problems as well as some respiratory problems. Alkaloids are the compounds responsible for the expectorant properties as well as the psychoactive properties being that DMT is an alkaloid. The glucosides in Mimosa Tenuiflora act as a mild purgative which aid in the cleansing properties of mimosa bark. Luperol is a well-known anti-inflammatory compound that has been used to reduce swelling in the paws of rats and is seen to work better than the accepted standard anti-inflammatory. Luperol is clearly esponsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of mimosa tree bark but is also an effective inhibitor of prostate and skin cancers. Similar to Luperol, methoxychalchones are the compounds also responsible for some anti-inflammatory effects as well as some anti-bacterial effects of mimosa bark. Mimosa Tenuiflora stem bark can be used liberally with few health issues. Any topical application of powdered mimosa bark or mimosa salve is overall safe; with perhaps only slight discomfort if applied to sensitive tissues. Mimosa tea and mimosa decoction are also mostly safe with the only risk of health issues being upset tomach or indigestion caused by the astringent properties of the plant when over consumed.

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essays (972 words) - Hermia,

A Midsummer Nights Dream The Realm of Imagination In A Midsummer Night's Dream, Shakespeare uses the green world and its inhabitants as a symbol of imagination. The characters flee from reality to escape the laws that govern everyday life in Athens. The importance of imagination reveals itself when the constraints of everyday life are lost in this realm. The fact that actors fall asleep multiple times reinforces Shakespeare's allusion to an escape from reality. Fairies playfully create a magical scene creating a suspension of disbelief for the actors as well as the audience. The problems that these characters face are remedied because of the ability of the mind to create this mythical world. Harmony is restored to the characters' lives because of their ability to bring fantasy into reality. Shakespeare portrays the power of the imagination as humanity's most divine quality because it allows one to embrace a realm outside of this world and allows one envision fantasy. In Athens, laws of the society threaten the characters' freedom. The ?sharp Athenian law? pursues these characters and causes them to escape into the forest. Lysander states, ?From Athens her house remote seven leagues;/ And she respects me as her only son. /There, gentle Hermia, may I marry thee, /And to that place the sharp Athenian law/ Cannot pursue us?. (I.i.156) Here, Lysander suggests to Hermia that the two of them retreat from society to escape from the law that binds them. Shakespeare uses the forest to represent the human imagination, which is manifested in the ability to dream. He focuses upon the abilities of the human mind to temporarily escape the harsh rules of society. The rules of society do not govern their actions as long as they are in the forest. Helena and Demetrius retreat into the woods, yet these characters are not led into the realm of imagination to escape the persecution of society. Unlike Hermia and Lysander, Demetrius and Helena retreat into the forest because of their infatuation with others. Helena is infatuated with Demetrius, who is infatuated with Hermia. Helena lures Demetrius into the forest by telling him about Hermia and Lysander's plans. Helena states, ?I will go tell him of Hermia's flight. /Then to the wood will he tomorrow night /Pursue her(I.i 246) Both characters flee into imagination because their love is not returned to themselves. They flee into the forest into the realm of chaos and dreams where everything is possible. The elements created within the forest bring the characters into harmony with each other. The fairies rule in the realm of imagination. They are mythical, elusive figures of the forest, responsible for creating illusion and fooling the humans. Oberon, the king of the fairies, is referred to as the ?king of shadows?. This reference shows the elusive nature of the fairies, and their being. They are only a ?shadow? of reality again the forest and fairies are seen elements of imagination. Puck is a character referred to as a ?hobgoblin? responsible for fooling humans to jest for Oberon. These characters enjoy the trickery done unto the humans, which can be used as a metaphor for imagination. One's imagination is sometimes responsible for fooling one's self. The fairies are used to represent this aspect of imagination. A fellow fairy recognizes Puck and describes him as ?he /That frights maidens of the villagery, and sometimes labor in the quern, /And bootless make the breathless huswife churn, /And sometimes make the drink to bear no barm, /Mislead night wanderers, laughing a t their harm.?(II.i.32) Puck is responsible for misleading humans and plays on their minds. The actions Puck is conducting are referred to as ?figments of imagination? for which the fairies are said to be responsible. The fairies here bring magic to the humans in the forest when lovers become crossed in their paths. In the minds of the characters, the fairies in all of these cases have brought life to what is fantasy. The fairies, like dreams, have been able to create an alternate harmonious state for the characters by bringing life to the ordinary and mundane. Though fairies exist in a world within the forest while the humans live in Athens on the outside of imagination, the lines between reality and imagination

Marcia J. Citron essays

Marcia J. Citron essays The works of a composer are not the only factor used to determine canonization; culture and gender play a large part in this process. Citron shows how the Western art canon is the result of a complex mixture of opinions, traditions, and interests that often go unacknowledged and unchallenged. The term canon was applied to music in last twenty years, defined as a specified group or body of related works. 1 It is debatable as to whether works are incorporated into the canon as a pre-existent concept or if the canon is only significant through the application of these works into a articulate and expressed repertoire. The canon is restricting in that it set the criterion for works that are to be included or discounted as marked repertoire. There is a categorization process that takes place in the development of the canon. This process places works into an appropriate group and eliminates those that do not fit the mould of what has been deemed culturally acceptable. Much new music is not accepted into reportorial canons, because the canons of the past have set high standards that do not allow for the conception and recognition of new music. These standards of repertoire are defined by cultural groups that are considered dominant on the basis of class, race, gender, age, oc cupation, nationality, and religious orientation. However, the canon is restricted, because the ideals set by one particular social group may not be appropriate for another; therefore, it is not representative of the whole, rather it merely represents the opinion of an individual group. These individuals often change, presenting a change in the standards of the canon as well as a transformation of the value of the canon as a whole. Textbooks and academic curriculum also influence the construction of the canon. Textbooks emphasize specific works and composers on which instructors and students rely on as a source of musical inform...

Persuade the reader to purchase a hybrid vehicle Essay

Persuade the reader to purchase a hybrid vehicle - Essay Example This model car was developed after realising that traditional automobiles were significantly contributing to greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to the destruction of the environment through global warming. Apart from using natural gas, hybrid cars also use a lithium-ion battery which can be recharged at special recharge points. These cars are environmental friendly since they do not emit any carbon footprint that can damage the environment. Hybrid cars are also fast and efficient which make them ideal for personal and family use. These cars can also be classified as luxury brands and they are very attractive. Toyota and Honda are currently the major actors in this sector and they manufacture economic hybrid cars. The other advantage of buying a hybrid car is that they are easy to maintain in the long run. We are currently living in a world that is characterised by a volatile economy. For instance, the prices of gas and oil are constantly increasing and these have spiral effects on the motorists who have to fork out more money for their daily fuel requirements. Though hybrid cars are expensive to purchase for the first time, it can be seen that they are economic in the long run. Since these are powered by natural gas, it can be observed that there would be no hassle for the motorists to worry about rising prices of oil. The other important point to consider about hybrid cars is that they are all weather terrain vehicles. They can be operated efficiently in any type of environment. Basically, hybrid cars present quite a lot of benefits to the consumers compared to other traditional vehicles though their price may be a setback to the majority of customers. Hybrid cars are environmental friendly and they can provide a long lasting solution to the problem of global warming. Hybrid cars are economic in the long run since they are not powered by fossil fuels that are

Questioner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Questioner - Essay Example 3. I am a relentless person, I do not believe in giving up. Interior decoration is my passion, albeit discovered late in life. If I don’t get into the program, I will look for ways to express and expand on my interest, probably start a dà ©cor blog, and share and discuss ideas with other people. 4. My calling for interior decoration came after I had already gotten a professional MIS degree. Although I have always had a very attuned aesthetic sense, it was not until I found work with a furniture and interiors company, assisting with chalking up layouts and designs that I really began to enjoy my work. I enjoyed dealing with different spaces and working with clients and their respective lifestyles. Details fascinate me. How a single streak of colour can change the way an entire space feels, is an amazing experience, and a very gratifying feeling. I admit, working professionally as an interior decorator will require a lot of hard work and persistence, however, I feel that I already live, eat & breathe design. As Confucius said, â€Å"Choose a job you love and you will never have to work a day in your

A risk management strategy

A risk management strategy Introduction This report details a risk management strategy for a given organization based on Australian Standards AS4360. Risk Management Strategy details: 1 2. Rationale for managing risks and risk management objectives All companies face risk. The main rationale for managing risk is to reduce the likelihood of project failure, be it financial, schedule or performance based. A formal risk management strategy provides a structured way to highlight threats to a project success. The strategy provides advice to the project team and management to benefit the organization as a whole by assisting in the decision and planning process, identifying opportunities or threats and gaining value from changing situations. The strategy takes a proactive approach to management and allocates resources more efficiently. Reduction of loss can be reduced and stakeholder trust is improved (Australian Standards, 2004). A balance between being able to take action on opportunities versus protecting the company against loss must be decided upon. Risk management should be part of company culture so that everyone in the company has a role to play and is aware of risk management. In the early days insurance was how organizations managed risk but now it is an essential part of all management teams. According to Sadgrove (2005), there are two types of business risk, non entrepreneurial risk and entrepreneurial risk. Non entrepreneurial is for example company fraud, theft or fire. Entrepreneurial risk is for example the opening of a new shop or produces a new product. It is in the best interests for the company directors to manage risk as it applies to all manage decisions. Risk is a pre-condition for innovation, a key ingredient of a successful company (Sadgrove, 2005). Risk management objectives are to reduce company cost, disruption and unhappiness (Sadgrove, 2005). It rates which activities are worth investigating for risk and which activities do not present current risk. By identifying risks earlier, managers can better plan for their possible occurrence in the future. Further objectives and benefits to the company include improved planning, greater resource efficiency, more timely scheduling, prevention reduced costs, improved company reputation, less surprises, enhanced communication between managers and staff, reassurance of stakeholders, higher quality products and more flexible and robust contingency plans (Carol and Elizabeth, 2005). As indicated in AS4360 when formulating objective for a risk management process, they must take into account the internal and external environmental factors (Australian Standards, 2004). Risk management is growing in importance these days for a number of factors. These include tougher legislation, more expensive insurance, customers less likely to accept product failure, higher standards for public image and changing management attitudes to a more global outlook. 3. Risk strategy issues According to Sadgrove (2005), issues covered by a risk strategy may be based on operation, strategic, compliance and financial issues. Operational issues include risks associated with employees, suppliers or natural events such as rain. Strategic issues include other markets, the economy and legal issues. Compliance issues may be accounting standards, tax requirements or government legislation. Financial issues include cost issues, interest rates and profitability concerns. The areas covered by the risk strategy will be influenced by the requirements of the company and its objectives. The products and / or services it supplies and the processes and practices used by the company will also affect the type of risk strategy employed. 4. Acceptable risk tolerance. According to Fischoff, Lichtenstein, Slovic, Derby and Keeney (1981), acceptable risk describes the likelihood of an event that has two factors. Firstly, the chance of occurrence is small. Secondly, the consequence is small. s are so slight, or whose benefits (perceived or real) are so great, that individuals or groups in society are willing to take or be subjected to the risk that the event might occur. The stakeholders and managers often determine acceptable risk factors. It is based on their perception on what they believe constitutes firstly a risk and secondly whether or not it is an acceptable one. An acceptable risk determination can vary and depends on factors such as differences in values, different requirements, project assumptions, concerns, concepts as they relate to the project being considered. According to AS4360, (Australian Standards, 2004), a team approach is very effective in determining and identifying risks more effectively. Risks are compared against a set of criteria from which priorities are set. The decision is then made to either treat the risks if they are deemed unacceptable or to continue to monitor and review the risks if they are currently viewed as acceptable. The risk criteria which is used to determine whether a risk a acceptable or not is based on financial, operational, humanitarian, legal, technical, social, environmental, or other criteria. The risk is evaluated and decisions are made about which risks need attention. The company or organization must make a decision on how much risk it is willing to accept as part of normal business practice. This level can then be set as the benchmark and gives the company a tolerance level to work with. This tolerance may depend on the maturity of the risk management plan, experience of management, data available f or consideration and other important factors. Some firms want to accept new ventures with higher risks while other companies want to maintain a steady course. Often young companies with less to lose will take larger risks where as older individuals may not wish to risk as much (Sadgrove, 2005). The acceptable risk tolerance depends on the reward. As the risk increases so to must the reward in order to make it worthwhile. 5. Risk infrastructure, management, identification, assessment and treatment. A company, which has a risk management strategy in place, needs an appropriate policy plan and an adequate support system in place to ensure the strategy is implemented correctly (Australian Standards, 2004). According to AS4360, in assessing the risks once they have been identified, there are three general types of analysis. These are qualitative analysis, Semi-quantitative analysis and Quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis may be used as an initial tool to identify preliminary risks which are to be analyzed in more detail later. It should be combined with factual information when it is able to be sourced. Semi-quantitative analysis must be used with care since the data chosen to support the qualitative words may be misleading that can lead to inappropriate outcomes. Quantitative analysis depends on the accuracy of the numerical values and they may be expressed in terms of the criteria initially set by the risk identification. According to an article by the Project Management Institute (Project Management Institute, 2008), if you dont identify risk areas and have a response plan then possible tough times may be ahead. By beginning with a brainstorming session, and including a wide cross-section of stakeholders from many levels throughout the company, possible problems on the way to success may be identified. Ms. Reed, a vice president of an American project management firm notes that when running such meetings criticism should be left at the door, otherwise it may turn into an unorganized discussion. 6. Risk management responsibilities. Risk identification, assessment and treatment. System review, documentation and maintenance. Responsibilities for the risk management process should be detailed in the risk management plan and this plan should also detail how the plan shall be conducted throughout the organization. Treatment plans may either be separate from the risk management plan or included with it. An example of an organization which follows the AS4360 guidelines is the State Records Department of the New South Wales Government in Australia (NSW Government State Records. 2009). With their plan, senior management are allocated the responsibility of ensuring that the risk analysis, identification and assessment procedure are implemented regularly. They are also responsible for managing the budget allocated for the risk management strategy and ensuring that it is implemented to protect the records and systems of the State Records Department. The review of their systems is continuous as is stated in the AS4360 guidelines. According to the AS4360 guidelines (Australian Standards, 2004), few risks remain static. Continual review is essential to ensure that the risk management strategy remains relevant. The Risk Assessment will be continuously monitored and updated throughout the life of a given project, with monthly assessments included in the status report and open to amendment by the Project Manager. The company senior directors and executives are responsible for managing risk in their organization. All employees are responsible for the risk management within their given areas of managerial responsibility. The risk management plan can be broken down into specific sections based on different functions and areas within the project. Each area should have a separate plan, consist with the main company risk management plan, that details risks most relevant for their particular team and sub project requirements and concerns. The project manager for each team is responsible for the management of each risk management plan and ensuring his or her team is under the watch of the localized plan. This manager must also however ensure that the risks of the organizational risk management plan are also kept in mind. The senior staff of an organization must also be committed to the risk management strategy of all these senior managers (Australian Standards, 2004). Documentation to record details of risks must be generated to record priorities and highlight changes in risk priorities. Reports should record treatments and if incidents occur the lessons learned should be recorded. The entire risk management plan system progress should also be documented as a whole. 7. Risk management documentation requirements. A common tool used in the documentation of risk management system is the risk matrix. The risk matrix is a table used in risk analysis in which rows show the risks and columns show their likelihood or probability of occurrence and their impact. For each important business function or area, a risk matrix can be created. Often numerical values from one, meaning no impact, to five, meaning maximum impact, can be assigned for each function. This simple approach to documenting risk can provide a useful set of raw data from which appropriate plans can be devised. Many larger organizations also use this simple approach (National Computing Centre, 2009). 8. Risk management system budgets and its determination. Such a risk management strategy has a cost associated with it and this cost must be balanced against the cost of the potential loss if it were to occur (Microsoft Press, 2009). Through the application of risk management methodologies, a company can manage risk levels so that it does not reach a determined unacceptable level. The budget size for a risk management system will of course depend on the size of the company, its complexity and the responsibilities of the manager in charge of the risk management program (Sadrove, 2005, p55). A good policy is to make the risk management services free to departments and only charge the departments when they make a loss. By charging them when mistakes are made the managers are more likely to seek help and pay more close attention to the risk management strategy. This is better than just waiting for an issue to occur. Too much investment in risk management will burden the company and make it uncompetitive. Underinvestment in risk management will make it more vulnerable and likely to receive expensive incident costs. The optimal position is somewhere in the middle (Sadgrove, 2005, p14). Mochal (2006), shows that a risk management system budget can be established by basing it on the Expected Monetary Value (EVM) index. For each risk there are two parameters assigned. Firstly, the probability that the risk will occur and secondly the impact to the project if the risk occurs. If this is completed for all the risks the potential impact to the project can be calculated. Hence the risk management system budget should reflect the impact of the risk and the likelihood that it will happen. According to AS4360, if the budget for the risk management system is restricted, there should be a clear priority order for the risk treatments. 9. Risk management policy approval and its source. Senior management should review and endorse the risk management policy for an organization. The source of the policy should come from all higher end managers concerned as well as all concerned stakeholders. Dialogue with key internal and external stakeholders should be undertaken as to avoid a one way flow of information. Stakeholders often have different views on what should be ranked as high-risk priorities due to factors such as differences in values, requirements concepts and concerns about the project concerned (Australian Standards, 2004). References Alexander, C., Sheedy, E. 2005. The Professional Risk Managers Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Current Theory and Best Practices. PRMIA Publications. Fischoff, B.; Lichtenstein, S.; Slovic, P.; Derby, S. L.; and Keeney, R. L. 1981. Acceptable Risk. Cambridge. UK, Cambridge University Press. Microsoft Press. 2009. Why Manage Risks Formally? Retrieved on 5th October, 2009 from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc500373.aspx Mochal, T. (2006). Create a risk contingency budget using Expected Monetary Value (EMV). Retrieved on 5th October, 2009 from http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-10878_11-6069576.html National Computing Centre. 2009. A matrix approach to risk assessment. Retrieved on 5th October 2009 from http://www.nccmembership.co.uk/pooled/articles/BF_WEBART/view.asp?Q=BF_WEBART_113283 NSW Government State Records. 2009. Risk Assessment. Retrieved on 5th October, 2009 from http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/guidance/guidelines/guideline-5/guideline-5-part-3 Project Management Institute. 2009. Risk Identification Uncover project troubles before they blow up. Retrieved on 5th October 2009 from http://www.pmi.org/Pages/Risk_Identification.aspx Sadgrove, K. (2005). The complete guide to business risk management. England, Gower Publishing Limited. Standards Australia. 2004. Australian/New Zealand Standard AS 4360 2004. Australia, Standards Australia International Limited.

Health Care Reform Essay

Health Care Reforms The affordable care act came in to effect on March 2010. It is a four years plan that will affect the delivery of care to the 250 million Americans. (Swanton, 2012). The Affordable Care Act includes numerous provisions to support millions of Americans to keep the Health care costs low, promote preventive care such as colonoscopies and mammogram, and other services readily available to promote prevention of the disease and hold insurance companies accountable for the safe delivery. (Hill, 2012). The health care reform act intended to make the health care more affordable for all and make health care more safe. There were several aspects of the health care system that the reform would impact such as the employer to provide health insurances to their employees, health coverage for adult children by the protected by the parents insurance. And the reimbursement to the hospitals based on the quality of service provided rather than the quantity of the service. Goals of the reform The health reform also known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), of 2010 will have a profound influence on health care in the United States. A major goal of the Act is to improve access to affordable, quality health care. In the year 2007, the health care statistics showed that there was increase in the ineffective care provided to the patients which consumed vast majority of the health care funds (Hills, 2010). The insurance companies also dictate the care for the patients and denied care for those who had preexisting health conditions, or provided health care at a very high cost. There was a great need for the reform in the health care system. The three main goals of the PPACA are, (1) expand access to health insurance coverage, (2) improve affordability and sustainability for those who have health care insurance, and (3) control the rising costs of health care while improving quality (Cutler, 2010).Based on these goals, the health care providers, the insurance companies, the patients and the system itself will be affected. An important element in achieving this goal will be to learn from patients’ experiences and build the foundations for personalized care for the patients. (Hill, 2010). Cutler (2010) states, the initiative will require, â€Å"partnership among researchers, clinicians, policy makers and regulators, and patients to design an  integrated information network system that will be the basis for providing the right treatment for the right patient in the right place at the right time (p.45). Thus with health care reform goals is to provide high quality of personalized care to the patient. Reference Cutler, W. (2010). Thinking outside the pillbox—medication adherence as a priority for health care reform. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(17), 1553-1555. Orszag, P. (2010). Health care reform and cost control. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(7), 601-603. Hill, B. J. (2012). What is the meaning of health? Constitutional implications of defining â€Å"medical necessity† and â€Å"essential health benefits† under the affordable care act. American Journal of Law and Medicine, 38(2), 445-70. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038820105?accountid=13931

Argumentative Essay on Abortion

Today, satellite and cable television, interactive video and electronic games, the personal computer and the internet are central to the daily lives of children. Yet, little is known about the uses and impact of these new technologies. Children are no longer passive recipients of the media. Use of the internet, participation in e-mail, chat rooms, and instant messaging are some of the ways they are participating with the new media. As their enthusiasm for creating innovative uses of new media shows, children have an important role to play in the future development of new media.If information and communication technologies (ICT) are indeed an integral part of The New Economy, then how children use ICTs in their daily lives is a crucial research question to address. What is the place of new media especially the internet, in children’s lives today? Will some children be excluded from these opportunities while others live in an increasingly information-rich environment? Will the g rowing importance of the media add to the variety and pleasure in their lives, or will it contribute to their withdrawal from traditional leisure activities and even from social participation? Lets analyze these questions one after the other.New media especially the internet has positive effects on Child Development. Childhood is all about exploration, through the interactive world of technology, our children are being shaped by their exploration of computers and the Internet. The modern computer and the Internet offer today’s children a powerful device that, if used appropriately, can enhance the development of the child’s physical, cognitive, and social skills. Children get interested because they can make things happen with the Internet. The Internet is a powerful tool that is revolutionizing our children’s learning, communication and play.Impact on Physical Development It may not seem to the naked eye that exposure to the Internet would have a positive effec t on the physical development of children. However, knowledge of muscular development and motor control skills leads us to deduce that regular Internet usage would naturally enhance a child’s eye-hand coordination and fine motor skills due to keyboard and mouse usage. Impact on Cognitive Development Children who use the Internet show gains in cognitive abilities such as memory, spatial and logical problem solving, critical thinking, concentration, abstraction and comprehension.The Internet exposes children to information to improve the quality of learning that they can transform into knowledge. Through the use of the Internet, children’s language and literacy development is often promoted, allowing for greater gains in verbal and nonverbal skills. New media also includes interactive video games: Speed of visual processing-There is growing evidence that playing action video games increases people's ability to process visual information quickly and to make decisions base d on that information. So also cartoons on children.Cartoon films are central focus of many very young children's lives, used by parents to help manage busy schedules and keep the peace. Many parents also express satisfaction with the educational benefits of TV and how it can teach positive behaviors. Some of these positive effects are : Educational benefits: By watching educational cartoon films, children at every age learn so many things. Infants and toddlers start learning different words, objects and their meanings. Also, they can improve overall cognitive knowledge among young children.When a kid watches TV in his very early age, he learns many things before going to school. He takes up things easily and tries to learn how to speak and conduct himself. Helps Improve Vocabulary and Learn new languages. Makes a Child feel more confident: While watching their favorite cartoon show, kids adopt many things and sometimes they talk and behave in the same manner as their favorite chara cters do. Doing so they feel more comfortable and confident that they can talk to people and even can perform in front a crowd Enhance imagination and creativity: By watching cartoon films, children become more creative.They try to do things in different ways, so their imagination and creativity is enhanced. There is also evidence in the literature that children’s imaginative play can be positively affected by television content. The children get new ideas with which they can show their talent. Develop parent-children relationship: When parents buy different storybooks, watch different cartoons and children programs with their children or let their children to cinemas for watching movies. In each of the above case parents spend time with their children.As a result parents child relationship is improved. Source of entertainment: Cartoon films are also source of entertainment for every child even for infants and toddlers. Like infants and toddlers enjoy sounds and movement and at the same time they also learn from it. Cell Phones and Their Positive Effects In Nigeria today, 45 percent of teens own their own cell phone, which today is much more than a phone. Many cell phones function as small computers, with Internet capabilities, games, pictures, videos, texting and email.Cell phones for youth are mobile communication devices that they can use in a wide variety of ways. There are many concerns about the impact of the constant media input that cell phones provide for youth, but there are many advantages as well which includes: Communication: The most obvious benefit of cell phones for youth is their ability to help teens communicate. Although this can be a disadvantage if not properly managed, it is frequently an advantage. A teenager who owns a cell phone is always able to call her parents.If she's at a party or a friend's house and finds herself in an uncomfortable or inappropriate situation, she doesn't have to find the landline or ask permission to use the phone; she can always call her parents from anywhere, at any time. This is even more valuable in situations where a landline might not be accessible, such as when her car breaks down or she has an accident. For her parents, knowing that their child can easily communicate with them at any time offers peace of mind. Safety: For a teenager, having a cell phone available in emergency situations can make the difference between life and death.A teen who is suspects she is a witness of criminal activity can call 911 on her cell phone. If necessary, she can even make the call without other people being aware by dialing with the phone still in his pocket. Youths have also used cell phones with video and phone capability to record criminal events, making them into reporters and helping police identify criminals and observe exact events in a crime. Engagement and Education: Cell phones have also been leveraged as an important tool for youth engagement, especially in developing countries a nd  rural areas.In places where youth are less likely to have access to the Internet or landline phones, cell phones are becoming a way for them to connect with the global world and give their opinions on issues that affect them. For example, a radio program in Burundi in 2009 allowed marginalized rural youth to share their opinions on public policy questions, using cell phones to call in to the radio show. Some teachers and campuses are beginning to take advantage of the educational potential of cell phones.On some college campuses, students can organize their schedules and take quizzes through their phones. Some high schools take advantage of educational games for cell phones. Educators can also teach students how to use their phones as research tools, which encourages youth to take more initiative in their own learning. With these numerous benefit, another question that comes to mind is: Will some children be excluded from these opportunities while others live in an increasingl y information-rich environment?In a developing country like ours, advances in ICTs have brought a lot of opportunities and perhaps a whole lot of challenges as well. One of the main challenges is the gap between the information have-s and information have-nots -what we call the digital divide. Not every family and child has access to computers, the Internet and interactive media. Persistent differences across socio-economic and ethnic lines have rightly generated an important public policy debate about possible implications and solutions to this inequality.Major challenges faced in the path towards digital opportunity include poverty, illiteracy, political instability, and poor ICT infrastructure. In closing the â€Å"digital divide† , NITDA has since the past five years, set up Many RITCs (Rural Information Technology Centres) in the six geo-political zones to provides a range of services – education and communication facilities so that underprivileged children, with or without any planned instructional intervention, can achieved a certain level of computer literacy.As expected there has been a remarkable feature among the users, particularly with the young ones, of these centres. Will the growing importance of the media add to the variety and pleasure in their lives, or will it contribute to their withdrawal from traditional leisure activities and even from social participation? The Internet cannot and should not replace human interaction or relationships, nor take the place of activities such as sharing verbal conversations with our children or reading together.However, if properly used, the Internet can serve as a medium for acceptable social interaction. The Internet allows children to socialize with other children through the use of email, chat rooms, and instant messaging, increasing the development of communication and social skills. As children use the Internet to connect with places around the world and exchange mail with electronic pen pals, they are able to share different cultures and traditions. Often the use of Internet in classrooms allows the children to work together, encouraging the sharing of ideas and cooperative learning.Students that find conventional methods of learning difficult will frequently find learning via the Internet to be fun. From this positive experience these children improve their attitudes about learning while enhancing their curiosity and self-concept. Many parents whose children use the Internet in school believe that the Internet has improved their child’s overall attitude toward school. â€Å"Education is also the single most common motivation parents cite for their children to use the Internet from home. The Internet allows children to actively participate in an independent learning environment.Children can use it to find inspiration, stimulate the imagination, explore the world and gain new experiences. The process is known as play. Play has its own pursuit of amusement, competition, and companionship – all which can be fulfilled on the Internet. Though it is no true replacement for physical social play, the Internet offers uniques alternatives, which are especially important for those that are physically disabled and unable to engage in physical play. The Internet today is part of our children’s natural environment.When kids are online, they’re reading, thinking, analyzing, criticizing and authenticating – composing their thoughts. Kids use computers for activities that go hand-in-hand with our understanding of what constitutes a traditional childhood. They use the technology to play, learn, communicate and form relationships as children always have. Truly, the Internet has become a daily part of many children’s lives. It is little wonder that it has such a pervasive effect on their social development. Internet Safety A wide range of potentially negative effects of new media have been identified.These include effe cts relating to: Violent content – including imitation (in the form of aggression or antisocial behavior), desensitization and fear †¢ Sexual content – including imitation (in the form of promiscuous or unsafe practices), arousal, and shock or disgust Advertising – in relation to misleading claims, as well as consumerist or materialistic attitudes more broadly Inappropriate or unwanted contact with others – for example in the form of ‘stranger danger’ or bullying †¢ Health – for example to do with smoking, alcohol and drug-taking †¢ General personality disorders, such as low self-esteem, ‘identity confusion’ or alienation †¢ Physical effects of excessive use – for example RSI-type conditions and eyesight problems relating to computers †¢ Reduced time for family interaction, or relationships with peers†¢ Reduced levels of educational achievement, or reading more specifically †¢ Mist aken values, attitudes or beliefs – for example in relation to gender or ethnic stereotyping. In addition, children are exposed to insults and inappropriate language. The Internet Child Safety Foundation has worked out some safety tips which are as follows: Keep the computer in the living room Listen to your kids and get involved Make some simple rules Consider parental control software Use filtered search engine Check website rating At this point, I must mention that Parental attitudes play a large role in determining what children watch.Parents who believed that TV was beneficial to children were more likely to choose educational programs for their children. By contrast, parents who have not had opportunities for higher education are more likely to allow their children to watch what they want, and have the television on more during the day. Also, when searching for information, youngsters could be encouraged to use child safe search engines. Parents need to educate their ch ildren. They need to sit with the child and help regulate his or her Net routine right from the very first time. This could help prevent addiction. Safe websites for Children http://fss. live. com/kids/Microsoft family safety and child friendly websites http://www. surfnetkids.com/Educational activities for your family or students, this is the place to be and for educators interested in integrating technology into their curriculum. http://www. crime-safety-security. com/Learn lifesaving lessons from 22 years of research and experience teaching countless children’s groups, college students, civic groups, corporations, rape survivors, and veteran cops at police academies – dozens of original insights you've never imagined and will find nowhere else http://www. allsafesites. com/Safe browser for children and teens http://www. kidsites. com/Great series of educational resources, games and fun stuff for children, parents and Teaches www. topmarks. co. ukWell designed and go od fun reference site for all those homework queries. www. askkids.com Safe search engine for children. www. need2know. co. uk Sound, straightforward and well-judged advice for children and teenagers. www. howstuffworks. com Engaging encyclopaedia of the modern (and not so modern) world, with good illustrations and clear text. www. habbo. co. uk Social networking for teens. www. friction. tv A You Tube-style site for campaigners. Make a short video and get your message across. www. mrmen. com Videos, games, stories and more from 24 of Roger Hargreaves' unbeatable creations.www. nick. com Play games, share your avatar, download screensavers and catch up on your favourite cartoon characters at the Mecca of TV cartoondom. Plus Nick Junior (www.  nickjr. co. uk), customised for pre-schoolers. www. seussville. com A gentle celebration of all things Cat In The Hat. switchzoo. com/zoo. htm From a calligator to a dogophant, create crazy new animals online. www. guinnessworldrecords. com S earchable database of record-breaking feats – but only some, of course, they still want you to buy the book. www. innocentkids. co. uk Great series of games and activities from the smoothies people. Match the animal with its poo is particularly engaging. www. cool-reads. co. uk Ten- to 15-year-olds pick and review their favourite books. More than 2,000 entries and growing. www. travellingwithchildren. co.ukTips, products and destinations for taking the little darlings on the road. http://www. commonsensemedia. org/website-listsGreat websites for kids with easy hand-picked lists of fun, age-appropriate kids' sites and online games. SAFE SEARCH ENGINES FOR CHILDREN www. studysearch. com. au/Home. aspx Its one of the mostly used customizable Search Engine used at Australian schools and it is Google Powered. This is developed by keeping the Primary and Secondary school students in mind. This is the safest Search Engine and best suggestible for Parents for make their kids use it. kids. yahoo. comEngine that directs to the Yahoo Directory and its the most suggestible Search Engine for Kids.Its one of the most attractive search engines that keeps you child to engage with it easily. www. askkids. comSearch Engine from Ask. com specially developed for Kids and it provides the results from Ask Directory. It provides the 5 different categories like Movies, Videos, Schoolhouse, Games, and Images with entire clean and tidy results www. kidrex. orgGoogle Search powered Search Engine for kids with interface design developed with child crayon drawing. Its completely a kids Search Engine. Popular Television Programs and DVD Series for Young Children Barney & FriendsEvoking a preschool setting, Barney the dinosaur teaches songs and dances to young children.The show focuses heavily on pro-social themes of sharing, empathizing, helping others, and cooperating. Blue’s CluesA human host encourages viewers at home to help solve a mystery with his dog friend, Blue. The show is often repetitive and encourages interactivity by asking viewers to find clues and solve puzzles. Bob the BuilderBob the Builder and his construction crew face building, renovation, and repair challenges. The series often focuses on identifying a problem and making a plan to solve the problem. Dora the ExplorerFeaturing a bilingual Latina girl as the lead, Dora and her friends go on quests and help others, encouraging viewers to help out through their own actions or by telling her what she needs to know.In addition to highlighting traditional educational content such as color and shapes, Dora teaches language by repeating words and phrases in English and Spanish. Sesame StreetCombining puppetry, live action, and animation, this long-running series focuses on a wide range of topics including the alphabet, numbers, emotion management, conflict resolution, music, dance, and healthy lifestyles. TeletubbiesCentering on four colorful characters, the Teletubbies speak in a baby-like language and learn through play. The Teletubbies have televisions in their stomachs that show clips of real children from around the world. This program is targeted at toddlers.Thomas & FriendsBased on a book series, Thomas the Tank Engine and his engine friends learn to work hard and be cooperative with each other. The WigglesFeaturing a four-man singing group for children, episodes of The Wiggles include songs and skits focused on solving a problem. The Wiggles encourages children to sing songs and move their bodies to music. Baby EinsteinSeries content covers wide range of topics including music, art, language, poetry, and science. Targeted at children starting at one month. Brainy BabyEducational series highlighting range of subjects including alphabet, art, music, shapes, foreign languages, and right and left brain development. Targeted at children starting at nine months.Sesame BeginningsFeatures baby versions of the Muppets from Sesame Street. The focus is on encouraging int eractions between child and caregivers. Targeted at children starting at six months. In conclusion, the internet is an amazing tool for learning and formation. Knowing how to use it effectively is increasingly important and necessary. Providing children more direct access to multimedia equipment and Information Communication Technology (ICT), could provide them with new opportunities to explore their own creative imagination. In seeking to prevent negative effects, it is important to ensure that we do not also undermine or preclude the potential for positive effects.

The History and Future of Cell Phones - 890 Words

The desire for instant communication is dated as far back as 1843 when Michael Faraday, a chemist, began researching whether or not space could conduct electricity. In 1865, a dentist and scientist, Dr. Mahlon Loomis invented communication by using the earth’s atmosphere as an electrical conductor. He flew two kites, made with copper and wires, hooked to two separate mountains. The U.S. Congress gave him a grant for $50,000. (Cell Phone Timeline Para 1, 2) The telegraph was built in 1866; also the mobile radio in 1921 that was only 2 MHz used only in police cars in Detroit, Michigan. Channel interference and overcrowding was a major problem; so in 1934, the Federal Communications Commission was created by U.S. Congress. They decided who gets to use which radio frequencies. (Cell Phone Timeline) In 1946, Engineers from Bell Laboratories came up with a system to allow people to communicate with others from their vehicles. This led to the â€Å"mobile† telephone. Service was offered through ATT. There was a limited coverage area, only few channels and only three customers could make a call at a time. Mobile services did cost only $15.00 a month. (Wikipedia) Tania Teixeira, an editor for BBC News wrote an article after interviewing Martin Cooper. Her article stated that the concept of the cellular phone originated from this mobile car phone but the actual cell phone was made in 1973 by Martin Cooper. He was an engineer at Motorola. The phone weighed 1.1 Kg,Show MoreRelatedMobile Phones and Their Effect on Society Essay example1166 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology called Cell Phones. Everywhere you look there is someone talking, playing a game, paying a bill or browsing the internet with their cell phones. Even children are well acquainted with tools and amenities of the object. 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